@article {https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12824,
	title = {US students{\textquoteright} perceptions on environmental sustainability in dental school},
	journal = {Journal of Dental Education},
	volume = {n/a},
	year = {Submitted},
	abstract = {Abstract Objectives At present, there are no published reports assessing pre-doctoral curricular experience or participatory involvement with Environmental Sustainability in Dentistry (ESD) in the United States. This study aims to assess whether students enrolled in US dental schools receive any training with ESD and gauge dental students{\textquoteright} level of interest and attitudes regarding ESD within their dental education. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study utilizing a 16-questions validated survey was conducted on Qualtrics. Data analysis included descriptive statistics. Results A total of 378 dental students from 17 US dental schools participated (response rate 5\%). Students reported that ESD was {\textquotedblleft}quite{\textquotedblright} or {\textquotedblleft}extremely{\textquotedblright} important (83\%). However, 75\% of students reported being {\textquotedblleft}not at all{\textquotedblright} or {\textquotedblleft}slightly{\textquotedblright} knowledgeable. Only 5\% reported ESD content in their dental education. Students suggested that ESD could be integrated into existing coursework relating to infection control, practice management, and dental public health. Conclusion By understanding students{\textquoteright} level of interest, attitudes toward importance, and current level of curricular content on ESD, dental educators can develop best practices for educating future practitioners on environmental sustainability.},
	keywords = {climate change, curriculum development/evaluation, Environment, professional responsibility, sustainability, undergraduate dental},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12824},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jdd.12824},
	author = {Gershberg, Nicole C. and Lee, Jennifer and Murphree, Jessica K. and Parchure, Ashwini and Hackley, Donna M.}
}
@article {IMA:IMA2,
	title = {Association between cognitive health and masticatory conditions: a descriptive study of the national database of the universal healthcare system in Japan},
	journal = {Aging},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {7943-7952},
	publisher = {Impact Journals, LLC},
	issn = {1945-4589},
	doi = {10.18632/aging.202843},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.202843},
	author = {Da Silva, John D. and Ni, Shy Chwen and Lee, Cliff and Hawazin Elani and Ho, Kailing and Thomas, Carlos and Kuwajima, Yukinori and Ishida, Yoshiki and Kobayashi, Takuya and Ishikawa-Nagai, Shigemi}
}
@article {Nam-Hee Kim2021JE20200596,
	title = {Did Dental Insurance Expansion Improve Dental Care Needs among Korean Adults? Difference in Difference Analysis},
	journal = {Journal of Epidemiology},
	volume = {advpub},
	year = {2021},
	doi = {10.2188/jea.JE20200596},
	author = {Nam-Hee Kim and Hawazin W. Elani and Ichiro Kawachi}
}
@article {1398819,
	title = {Oral health conditions and correlates: a National Oral Health Survey of Rwanda},
	journal = {Global Health Action },
	volume = {14},
	year = {2021},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16549716.2021.1904628},
	author = {Hackley, Donna and Shruti Jain and Sarah Pagni and Finkelman, Matthew and Ntaganira, Joseph and John Morgan}
}
@article {1395961,
	title = {Climate change and oral health},
	journal = {Int Dent J},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 Sep 25},
	issn = {1875-595X},
	doi = {10.1111/idj.12628},
	author = {Hackley, Donna M}
}
@article {1395965,
	title = {A definition of global oral health: An expert consensus approach by the Consortium of Universities for Global Health{\textquoteright}s Global Oral Health Interest Group},
	journal = {Glob Health Action},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 12 31},
	pages = {1814001},
	abstract = {Definitions can generate actionable consensus for a given subject matter by resolving important differences in philosophy and best practices and by streamlining activities for a stronger strategic direction. Interest in the global dimensions of oral health, a generally neglected area of global health, is growing; yet, no previously published research has defined the term {\textquoteright}global oral health.{\textquoteright} As such, the Global Oral Health Interest Group of the Consortium of Universities for Global Health determined a need for an introductory definition of {\textquoteright}global oral health{\textquoteright} to guide program planning, implementation, and evaluation. With the oversight of an expert senior Task Force for the Definition of Global Oral Health, we employed a mixed-methods approach using the more common expert consensus-building Delphi technique combined with the lesser utilized Q methodology. This approach allowed us to identify the interconnectedness of global oral health themes and integrate multiple, seemingly disparate, topics into a single streamlined concept. Our resulting definition is as follows: . The purpose of this short communication is to generate a narrative around our proposed definition of global oral health to support establishing guidelines and developing best practices for academic global oral health programs, policies, and practices that aim to achieve a goal of oral health globally.},
	keywords = {consensus, Delivery of Health Care, Global Health, Health Promotion, Humans, Oral Health, Program Development, Public Opinion, Universities},
	issn = {1654-9880},
	doi = {10.1080/16549716.2020.1814001},
	author = {Seymour, Brittany and James, Zak and Deepti Shroff Karhade and Jane Barrow and Pruneddu, Alessio and Anderson, Nina Kay and Peter Mossey and Definition Of Global Health, Task Force For The}
}
@article {1395967,
	title = {Developing an Open Access, Competency-Based Global Oral Health Curriculum: A Global Health Starter Kit},
	journal = {J Dent Educ},
	volume = {84},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 Feb},
	pages = {176-185},
	abstract = {Dental education has seen increases in global health and international educational experiences in many dental schools{\textquoteright} curricula. In response, the Consortium of Universities for Global Health{\textquoteright}s Global Oral Health Interest Group aims to develop readily available, open access resources for competency-based global oral health teaching and learning. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a Global Health Starter Kit (GHSK), an interdisciplinary, competency-based, open access curriculum for dental faculty members who wish to teach global oral health in their courses. Phase I (2012-17) evaluated longitudinal outcomes from two Harvard School of Dental Medicine pilot global health courses with 32 advanced and 34 predoctoral dental students. In Phase II (2018), the Phase I outcomes informed development, implementation, and evaluation of the open access GHSK (45 enrollees) written by an interdisciplinary, international team of 13 content experts and consisting of five modules: Global Trends, Global Goals, Back to Basics: Primary Care, Social Determinants and Risks, and Ethics and Sustainability. In Phase III (summer and fall 2018), five additional pilot institutions (two U.S. dental schools, one U.S. dental hygiene program, and two dental schools in low- and middle-income countries) participated in an early adoption of the GHSK curriculum. The increase in perceived knowledge scores of students enrolled in the pilot global health courses was similar to those enrolled in the GHSK, suggesting the kit educated students as well or better in nearly all categories than prior course materials. This study found the GHSK led to improvements in learning in the short term and may also contribute to long-term career planning and decision making by providing competency-based global health education.},
	keywords = {Access to Information, Curriculum, Global Health, Humans, Oral Health, Schools, Dental},
	issn = {1930-7837},
	doi = {10.21815/JDE.019.176},
	author = {Lambert, R Frederick and Yu, Amy and Lisa Simon and Cho, Janice G and Jane Barrow and Seymour, Brittany}
}
@article {1396008,
	title = {Integrating Competency-Based Didactic and Experiential Global Health Learning for Dental Students: The Global Health Learning Helix Model},
	journal = {J Dent Educ},
	volume = {84},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 Apr},
	pages = {438-448},
	abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of immersive integrated experiential and didactic courses in strengthening competency-based global health learning in dental education. To address global inequities in oral health and student interest in global health, the Harvard School of Dental Medicine introduced two global health courses in 2017-18. The first was a didactic course in the core predoctoral curriculum, and the second, in collaboration with the Inter-American Center for Global Health, was a five-day elective experiential learning course in rural Costa Rica. The experiential course was an extension of the didactic course. All 33 second-year dental students completed the didactic course, and three of those students completed the experiential course. A pre-post survey and a six-month follow-up survey on self-reported knowledge based on course learning objectives were administered. The experiential course students also completed journals and interviews for qualitative analysis. Thirty-two students completed the pre-post didactic course surveys, for a response rate of 94\%. There was a 100\% response rate on the pre-post didactic surveys by those students who participated in the experiential learning course. While the experiential learning group scored similarly to the class average before the didactic course, they had higher scores than the class averages both immediately after and at the six-month follow-up. All three students reported that the experiential learning course was "extremely effective" in building on what they learned in the didactic course. Qualitative analysis of the journals and interviews suggested enhanced learning from the combination of didactic and experiential methods. These preliminary results support the Global Health Learning Helix Model, a theoretical competency-based teaching model for ethical student global health engagement to better prepare the future generation in tackling oral health disparities both locally and worldwide.},
	keywords = {Curriculum, Education, Dental, Global Health, Humans, Problem-Based Learning, Students, Dental},
	issn = {1930-7837},
	doi = {10.21815/JDE.019.186},
	author = {Yu, Amy and Lambert, R Frederick and Alvarado, Jose A and Guzman, Carlos A Faerron and Seymour, Brittany}
}
@article {1395962,
	title = {Integrating Global Health Within Dental Education: Inter-University Collaboration for Scaling Up a Pilot Curriculum},
	journal = {Ann Glob Health},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 09 03},
	pages = {113},
	abstract = {Background: New education programs are developing to improve global health awareness. Dental students have demonstrated interest in international settings but are largely unaware of global health topics. The Timothy A. DeRouen Center for Global Oral Health of the University of Washington (UW) and Harvard School of Dental Medicine expanded a competency-based global health curriculum (Global Health Starter Kit) by integrating it within the UW School of Dentistry (UW SOD) existing elective course "Global Oral Health" to undergraduates, pre-, and doctorate students from the UW SOD and Public Health. The study objective was to evaluate the curriculum effectiveness by assessing 1) Knowledge and Attitudes (survey), and 2) Didactic coursework (global trends, global goals, primary care, social determinants and risks, and ethics and sustainability).

Methods: Eligibility included enrolled students with both pre- and post-assessments. Descriptive statistics were conducted to present demographic data. Significant changes on survey and didactic evaluations were analyzed with paired t-tests (p < 0.05).

Findings: The population (N = 15) represented 88\% of the class. All Knowledge categories had a significant increase (p < 0.05), except in the topic of tropical diseases. At baseline, Attitudes categories had high scores and did not significantly increase by the end of the course. Even though all Didactic categories improved, only Social Determinants and Risks showed a significant increase (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Competency-based global health learning can be implemented in the dental curriculum. While the study shows promising results, efforts to identify areas for improvement as well as considerations of the institution{\textquoteright}s culture need to be assessed and addressed for each teaching cycle.},
	issn = {2214-9996},
	doi = {10.5334/aogh.3024},
	author = {Seminario, Ana Lucia and Chen, Belle and Liu, Jennifer and Seymour, Brittany}
}
@article {1395966,
	title = {Oral manifestations of magnesium and vitamin D inadequacy},
	journal = {J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol},
	volume = {200},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 06},
	pages = {105636},
	abstract = {Adequate nutrition is essential for maintaining good oral health. Minerals such as magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus found in the diet constitute the main structural components of the tooth. Their inadequacy leads to absorption impairment, increased bleeding tendency, bone resorption, looseness, and premature tooth loss. Inadequacy of those essential minerals is associated with delayed tooth eruption and with enamel or dentin hypoplasia. Taking calcium without magnesium results in soft dental enamel, which cannot resist the acids causing tooth decay. In addition to magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus, adequate vitamin D is needed to maintain optimal oral health. Vitamin D exerts anti-inflammatory effects and helps in calcium absorption and bone remodeling. Moreover, adequate vitamin D status could reduce formation of dental caries by delaying its onset and progression. Here we summarize the oral manifestations of vitamin D and magnesium inadequacy.},
	keywords = {Animals, Calcium, Dietary, Diet, Humans, Magnesium Deficiency, Oral Health, Periodontal Diseases, phosphorus, Vitamin D Deficiency},
	issn = {1879-1220},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105636},
	author = {Uwitonze, Anne Marie and Rahman, Sayeeda and Ojeh, Nkemcho and Grant, William B and Kaur, Harleen and Haq, Afrozul and Razzaque, Mohammed S}
}
@article {1395964,
	title = {Perspectives and Solutions from Clinical Trainees and Mentors Regarding Ethical Challenges During Global Health Experiences},
	journal = {Ann Glob Health},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 03 26},
	pages = {34},
	abstract = {Background: Clinical trainees face challenges throughout short-term experiences in global health (STEGH) that are not routinely addressed.

Objectives: Describe common professional and ethical dilemmas faced by clinical trainees and identify gaps and solutions for pre, during, and post-STEGH training and mentoring.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study among trainees and mentors involved in global health. The study utilized focus groups with trainees (November-December 2015) and online surveys of trainees, in-country and stateside faculty mentors (October 2016-April 2017).

Results: 85\% (17/20) of students reported feeling prepared for their STEGH; however, 59\% (23/39) of faculty felt students were unprepared. A majority of both students (90\%) and faculty (77\%) stated students would likely experience an ethical dilemma during STEGH. Major themes relating to meaningful global health work were elucidated: personal and inter-professional skills; interpersonal networks and collaboration; and awareness of power dynamics and bias.

Conclusions: The most common challenges faced by trainees during STEGH related to leadership, bias, ethics and interprofessional collaboration. Redirecting trainee energies from a focus on {\textquoteright}doing{\textquoteright} and deliverables to attitudes (e.g., humility, professionalism) that cultivate personal and professional growth will help create lifelong global health learners and leaders.},
	issn = {2214-9996},
	doi = {10.5334/aogh.2721},
	author = {Kasper, Jennifer and Mulye, Anita and Doobay-Persaud, Ashti and Seymour, Brittany and Nelson, Brett D}
}
@article {1395963,
	title = {Self-Reported Dental Visits Among Older Adults Receiving Home- and Community-Based Services},
	journal = {J Appl Gerontol},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 Jun 11},
	pages = {733464820925320},
	abstract = { To investigate factors associated with infrequent dental use among older adults receiving home- and community-based services.  This cross-sectional study analyzed responses from the 2014 National Survey of Older Americans Act participants who received home- and community-based services. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were conducted to examine the association between infrequent dental use and key sociodemographic and health indicators.  Infrequent dental use was highest among adults participating in case management and home-delivered meals (63\%); the lowest among those participating in congregate meals (41\%). Participants who did not complete high school were 2 to 5 times more likely to be infrequent dental users compared to those with educational attainment beyond high school.  Among older adults receiving home- and community-based services, improving oral health knowledge and health literacy may reduce infrequent dental use.},
	issn = {1552-4523},
	doi = {10.1177/0733464820925320},
	author = {Chamut, Steffany and Boroumand, Shahdokht and Iafolla, Timothy J and Adesanya, Margo and Fazio, Elena M and Dye, Bruce A}
}
@article {1395968,
	title = {Use of an online medical database for clinical decision-making processes: assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of oral health care providers},
	journal = {Adv Med Educ Pract},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2019},
	month = {2019},
	pages = {461-467},
	abstract = { This study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of oral health care providers toward the use of online medical databases for clinical decision-making processes.  The study population included all the licensed oral health care providers living in Rwanda, registered either with the Rwanda Allied Health Professional Council (RAHPC) or Rwanda Medical and Dental Council (RMDC). A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect demographic data as well as data regarding knowledge, attitude, and practice of oral health care providers regarding the use of online medical databases for making clinical decisions. A pilot study with 12 oral health care providers was done before the main study to pretest the questionnaire.  The study results show that among the 201 respondents, 80\% (N=160) reported using internet-based resources to support their clinical decisions, while 20\% (N=41) of oral health care providers do not use online resources when making their clinical decisions. In general, there was a positive attitude towards internet-based resources among the participants, as 92\% (N=184) respondents believe that internet-based resources are helpful in clinical decision-making processes. Of clinical importance, 68\% respondents (N=136) believe that by using current internet-based information, better clinical care can be offered to their patients.  Educating oral health care providers on the useful and appropriate online resources available for supporting clinical decision-making processes might increase the efficiency of patient care.},
	issn = {1179-7258},
	doi = {10.2147/AMEP.S146451},
	author = {Nzabonimana, Emmanuel and Isyagi, Moses M and Njunwa, Kato J and Hackley, Donna M and Razzaque, Mohammed S}
}
@article {1395977,
	title = {Building oral health research infrastructure: the first national oral health survey of Rwanda},
	journal = {Glob Health Action},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018},
	pages = {1477249},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Oral health affects quality of life and is linked to overall health. Enhanced oral health research is needed in low- and middle-income countries to develop strategies that reduce the burden of oral disease, improve oral health and inform oral health workforce and infrastructure development decisions.

OBJECTIVE: To implement the first National Oral Health Survey of Rwanda to assess the oral disease burden and inform oral health promotion strategies.

METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, sample size and site selection were based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Oral Health Surveys Pathfinder stratified cluster methodologies. Randomly selected 15 sites included 2 in the capital city, 2 other urban centers and 11 rural locations representing all provinces and rural/urban population distribution. A minimum of 125 individuals from each of 5 age groups were included at each site. A Computer Assisted Personal Instrument (CAPI) was developed to administer the study instrument.

RESULTS: Nearly two-thirds (64.9\%) of the 2097 participants had caries experience and 54.3\% had untreated caries. Among adults 20~years of age and older, 32.4\% had substantial oral debris and 60.0\% had calculus. A majority (70.6\%) had never visited an oral health provider. Quality-of-life challenges due to oral diseases/conditions including pain, difficulty chewing, self-consciousness, and difficulty participating in usual activities was reported at 63.9\%, 42.2\% 36.2\%, 35.4\% respectively.

CONCLUSION: The first National Oral Health Survey of Rwanda was a collaboration of the Ministry of Health of Rwanda, the University of Rwanda Schools of Dentistry and Public Health, the Rwanda Dental Surgeons and Dental (Therapists) Associations, and Tufts University and Harvard University Schools of Dental Medicine. The international effort contributed to building oral health research capacity and resulted in a national oral health database of oral disease burden. This information is essential for developing oral disease prevention and management strategies as well as oral health workforce and infrastructure.},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Capacity Building, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dental Caries, Female, Health Promotion, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Oral Health, Quality of Life, Research, Rural Population, Rwanda, Young Adult},
	issn = {1654-9880},
	doi = {10.1080/16549716.2018.1477249},
	author = {Morgan, John P and Isyagi, Moses and Ntaganira, Joseph and Gatarayiha, Agnes and Pagni, Sarah E and Roomian, Tamar C and Finkelman, Matthew and Steffensen, Jane E M and Barrow, Jane R and Mumena, Chrispinus H and Hackley, Donna M}
}
@article {1395973,
	title = {A Case Study Optimizing Human Resources in Rwanda{\textquoteright}s First Dental School: Three Innovative Management Tools},
	journal = {J Dent Educ},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Jun},
	pages = {602-607},
	abstract = {Harvard School of Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, and the University of Rwanda (UR) are collaborating to create Rwanda{\textquoteright}s first School of Dentistry as part of the Human Resources for Health (HRH) Rwanda initiative that aims to strengthen the health care system of Rwanda. The HRH oral health team developed three management tools to measure progress in systems-strengthening efforts: 1) the road map is an operations plan for the entire dental school and facilitates delivery of the curriculum and management of human and material resources; 2) each HRH U.S. faculty member develops a work plan with targeted deliverables for his or her rotation, which is facilitated with biweekly flash reports that measure progress and keep the faculty member focused on his or her specific deliverables; and 3) the redesigned HRH twinning model, changed from twinning of an HRH faculty member with a single Rwandan faculty member to twinning with multiple Rwandan faculty members based on shared academic interests and goals, has improved efficiency, heightened engagement of the UR dental faculty, and increased the impact of HRH U.S. faculty members. These new tools enable the team to measure its progress toward the collaborative{\textquoteright}s goals and understand the successes and challenges in moving toward the planned targets. The tools have been valuable instruments in fostering discussion around priorities and deployment of resources as well as in developing strong relationships, enabling two-way exchange of knowledge, and promoting sustainability.},
	keywords = {Curriculum, Education, Dental, Rwanda, Schools, Dental, Workforce},
	issn = {1930-7837},
	doi = {10.21815/JDE.018.067},
	author = {Hackley, Donna M and Mumena, Chrispinus H and Gatarayiha, Agnes and Cancedda, Corrado and Barrow, Jane R}
}
@article {1395970,
	title = {Community water fluoridation online: an analysis of the digital media ecosystem},
	journal = {J Public Health Dent},
	volume = {78},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 09},
	pages = {296-305},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Research demonstrates the safety and efficacy of community water fluoridation (CWF). Yet, the digitization of communication has triggered the spread of inaccurate information online. The purpose of this study was to analyze patterns of CWF information dissemination by a network of sources on the web.

METHODS: We used Media Cloud, a searchable big data platform of over 550 million stories from 50 thousand sources, along with tools to analyze that archive. We generated a network of fluoridation publishers using Media Cloud{\textquoteright}s keyword identification from August 1, 2015 to July 31, 2016. We defined the media type and sentiment toward CWF for each source and generated a network map of the most influential sources during our study period based on hyperlinking activity.

RESULTS: Media Cloud detected a total of 980 stories from 325 different sources related to water fluoridation. We identified nine different media types participating in the dissemination of information: academic, government, scientific group, natural medicine, blogs, mainstream media, advocacy groups, user-generated (e.g., YouTube), and "other." We detected five sub-networks within the overall fluoridation network map, each with its own characteristics. Twenty-one percent of sources were pro-fluoridation, receiving 57 percent of all inlinks, 22 percent of sources were anti-fluoridation, and the rest were neutral (54 percent).

CONCLUSIONS: The dominant neutral sentiment of the network may signify that anti- and pro-sides of the debate are viewed as balanced, not just in number but also in quality of information. Despite high inlinks to pro-sources, anti-fluoridation sentiment maintains influence online.},
	keywords = {Ecosystem, Fluoridation, Information Dissemination, Internet},
	issn = {1752-7325},
	doi = {10.1111/jphd.12268},
	author = {Helmi, Mohammad and Spinella, Mary Kate and Seymour, Brittany}
}
@article {1395972,
	title = {Dietary phosphate toxicity: an emerging global health concern},
	journal = {Histochem Cell Biol},
	volume = {150},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Dec},
	pages = {711-719},
	abstract = {Phosphate is a common ingredient in many healthy foods but, it is also present in foods containing additives and preservatives. When found in foods, phosphate is absorbed in the intestines and filtered from the blood by the kidneys. Generally, any excess is excreted in the urine. In renal pathologies, however, such as chronic kidney disease, a reduced renal ability to excrete phosphate can result in excess accumulation in the body. This accumulation can be a catalyst for widespread damage to the cellular components, bones, and cardiovascular structures. This in turn can reduce mortality. Because of an incomplete understanding of the mechanism for phosphate homeostasis, and the multiple organ systems that can modulate it, treatment strategies designed to minimize phosphate burden are limited. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for phosphorous is around 700~mg/day for adults, but the majority of healthy adult individuals consume far more phosphate (almost double) than the RDA. Studies suggest that low-income populations are particularly at risk for dietary phosphate overload because of the higher amounts of phosphate found in inexpensive, processed foods. Education in nutrition, as well as access to inexpensive healthy food options may reduce risks for excess consumption as well as a wide-range of disorders, ranging from cardiovascular diseases to kidney diseases to tumor formation. Pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest that dietary phosphate overload has toxic and prolonged adverse health effects. Improved regulations for reporting of phosphate concentrations on food labels are necessary so that people can make more informed choices about their diets and phosphate consumption. This is especially the case given the lack of treatments available to mitigate the short and long-term effects of dietary phosphate overload-related toxicity. Phosphate toxicity is quickly becoming a global health concern. Without measures in place to reduce dietary phosphate intake, the conditions associated with phosphate toxicity will likely to cause untold damage to the wellbeing of individuals around the world.},
	keywords = {Diet, Global Health, Humans, Phosphates},
	issn = {1432-119X},
	doi = {10.1007/s00418-018-1711-8},
	author = {Erem, Sarah and Razzaque, Mohammed S}
}
@article {1395971,
	title = {Does providing dental services reduce overall health care costs?: A systematic review of the literature},
	journal = {J Am Dent Assoc},
	volume = {149},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Aug},
	pages = {696-703.e2},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature to assess the impact of dental treatment on overall health care costs for patients with chronic health conditions and patients who were pregnant.

TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The authors searched multiple databases including MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Dentistry \& Oral Sciences Source from the earliest date available through May 2017. Two reviewers conducted the initial screening of all retrieved titles and abstracts, read the full text of the eligible studies, and conducted data extraction and quality assessment of included studies.

RESULTS: The authors found only 3 published studies that examined the effect of periodontal treatment on health care costs using medical and dental claims data from different insurance databases. Findings from the qualitative synthesis of those studies were inconclusive as 1 of the 3 studies showed a cost increase, whereas 2 studies showed a decrease.

CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The small number of studies and their mixed outcomes demonstrate the need for high-quality studies to evaluate the effect of periodontal intervention on overall health care costs.},
	keywords = {Dental Care, Female, Health Care Costs, Humans, Mass Screening, Pregnancy},
	issn = {1943-4723},
	doi = {10.1016/j.adaj.2018.03.023},
	author = {Elani, Hawazin W and Lisa Simon and Shenam Ticku and Bain, Paul A and Jane Barrow and Riedy, Christine A}
}
@article {1395989,
	title = {Effects of vitamin D status on oral health},
	journal = {J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol},
	volume = {175},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 01},
	pages = {190-194},
	abstract = {Normal humans of all ages have the innate ability to produce vitamin D following sunlight exposure. Inadequate vitamin D status has shown to be associated with a wide variety of diseases, including oral health disorders. Insufficient sunlight exposure may accelerate some of these diseases, possibly due to impaired vitamin D synthesis. The beneficial effects of vitamin D on oral health are not only limited to the direct effects on the tooth mineralization, but are also exerted through the anti-inflammatory functions and the ability to stimulate the production of anti-microbial peptides. In this article, we will briefly discuss the genesis of various oral diseases due to inadequate vitamin D level in the body and elucidate the potential benefits of safe sunlight exposure for the maintenance of oral and general health.},
	keywords = {alpha-Defensins, Alveolar Bone Loss, calcium, Dietary Supplements, Female, Humans, Male, Oral Health, Periodontitis, Sunlight, Tooth, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency},
	issn = {1879-1220},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.01.020},
	author = {Uwitonze, Anne Marie and Murererehe, Julienne and Ineza, Marie Claire and Harelimana, Eliane Ingabire and Nsabimana, Usiel and Uwambaye, Peace and Gatarayiha, Agnes and Haq, Afrozul and Razzaque, Mohammed S}
}
@article {1395969,
	title = {Health Professional Training and Capacity Strengthening Through International Academic Partnerships: The First Five Years of the Human Resources for Health Program in Rwanda},
	journal = {Int J Health Policy Manag},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 11 01},
	pages = {1024-1039},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Rwanda Human Resources for Health Program (HRH Program) is a 7-year (2012-2019) health professional training initiative led by the Government of Rwanda with the goals of training a large, diverse, and competent health workforce and strengthening the capacity of academic institutions in Rwanda.

METHODS: The data for this organizational case study was collected through official reports from the Rwanda Ministry of Health (MoH) and 22 participating US academic institutions, databases from the MoH and the College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS) in Rwanda, and surveys completed by the co-authors.

RESULTS: In the first 5 years of the HRH Program, a consortium of US academic institutions has deployed an average of 99 visiting faculty per year to support 22 training programs, which are on track to graduate almost 4600 students by 2019. The HRH Program has also built capacity within the CMHS by promoting the recruitment of Rwandan faculty and the establishment of additional partnerships and collaborations with the US academic institutions.

CONCLUSION: The milestones achieved by the HRH Program have been substantial although some challenges persist. These challenges include adequately supporting the visiting faculty; pairing them with Rwandan faculty (twinning); ensuring strong communication and coordination among stakeholders; addressing mismatches in priorities between donors and implementers; the execution of a sustainability strategy; and the decision by one of the donors not to renew funding beyond March 2017. Over the next 2 academic years, it is critical for the sustainability of the 22 training programs supported by the HRH Program that the health-related Schools at the CMHS significantly scale up recruitment of new Rwandan faculty. The HRH Program can serve as a model for other training initiatives implemented in countries affected by a severe shortage of health professionals.},
	keywords = {Capacity Building, Developing Countries, Faculty, financial management, Government Programs, Health Personnel, Health Workforce, Humans, International Cooperation, Organizations, Rwanda, Schools, Students, United States},
	issn = {2322-5939},
	doi = {10.15171/ijhpm.2018.61},
	author = {Cancedda, Corrado and Cotton, Phil and Shema, Joseph and Rulisa, Stephen and Riviello, Robert and Adams, Lisa V and Farmer, Paul E and Kagwiza, Jeanne N and Kyamanywa, Patrick and Mukamana, Donatilla and Mumena, Chrispinus and Tumusiime, David K and Mukashyaka, Lydie and Ndenga, Esperance and Twagirumugabe, Theogene and Mukara, Kaitesi B and Dusabejambo, Vincent and Walker, Timothy D and Nkusi, Emmy and Bazzett-Matabele, Lisa and Butera, Alex and Rugwizangoga, Belson and Kabayiza, Jean Claude and Kanyandekwe, Simon and Kalisa, Louise and Ntirenganya, Faustin and Dixson, Jeffrey and Rogo, Tanya and McCall, Natalie and Corden, Mark and Wong, Rex and Mukeshimana, Madeleine and Gatarayiha, Agnes and Ntagungira, Egide Kayonga and Yaman, Attila and Musabeyezu, Juliet and Sliney, Anne and Nuthulaganti, Tej and Kernan, Meredith and Okwi, Peter and Rhatigan, Joseph and Jane Barrow and Wilson, Kim and Levine, Adam C and Reece, Rebecca and Koster, Michael and Moresky, Rachel T and O{\textquoteright}Flaherty, Jennifer E and Palumbo, Paul E and Ginwalla, Rashna and Binanay, Cynthia A and Thielman, Nathan and Relf, Michael and Wright, Rodney and Hill, Mary and Chyun, Deborah and Klar, Robin T and McCreary, Linda L and Hughes, Tonda L and Moen, Marik and Meeks, Valli and Barrows, Beth and Durieux, Marcel E and McClain, Craig D and Bunts, Amy and Calland, Forrest J and Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany and Milner, Danny and Raviola, Giuseppe and Smith, Stacy E and Tuteja, Meenu and Magriples, Urania and Rastegar, Asghar and Arnold, Linda and Magaziner, Ira and Binagwaho, Agnes}
}
@article {1395980,
	title = {Integration of an Oral Health Team into a Student-Faculty Collaborative Clinic: Successes and Challenges},
	journal = {J Health Care Poor Underserved},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018},
	pages = {573-580},
	abstract = {Vulnerable populations are more likely to access medical care than visit a dentist. We introduced a dental team into a student-faculty collaborative clinic that serves a low-income Latino population. Documentation of oral exam findings rose from 11.88\% to 50.50\% in the year following integration of dental students into the clinic.},
	keywords = {Adult, Ambulatory Care Facilities, Cooperative Behavior, Dental Care, Faculty, Dental, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Care Team, Program Evaluation, Students, Dental, United States, Vulnerable Populations},
	issn = {1548-6869},
	doi = {10.1353/hpu.2018.0041},
	author = {Lisa Simon and Ji, Yisi D and Bell, Ronny and Jones, Meissa and Romesh Nalliah and Fernandez-Golarz, Carina and Marya Cohen}
}
@article {1395979,
	title = {A National Survey of U.S. Dental Students{\textquoteright} Experiences with International Service Trips},
	journal = {J Dent Educ},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Apr},
	pages = {366-372},
	abstract = {Globalization, along with the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases, their risk factors, and poor oral health, demands global approaches to oral health care. Trained health care workers{\textquoteright} providing volunteer services abroad is one model used for improving access to dental services for some communities. Currently, little is known about U.S. dental student involvement in international clinical service volunteerism. The aim of this exploratory study was to capture national survey data from predoctoral dental students about their interest in and experience with global health service trips. The survey sought to assess students{\textquoteright} past experiences and current and future interest in programs providing dental and/or medical services in order to lay the foundation for further research. A 12-question web-based survey was distributed in May 2017 to 22,930 students enrolled in U.S. dental schools. A total of 1,555 students responded, for a response rate of 7\%. Respondents were evenly distributed across the four academic years. Approximately 22\% (n=342) of the respondents had already participated in a service trip experience, 83\% reported interest in a service trip while in school, and 92\% were interested after graduation. Reported motivations for international trips included the desire to care for the underserved and to obtain a more global view of health and disease. Concerns were expressed regarding costs and time constraints. This study provided preliminary, exploratory data on dental student engagement with international service trips. Both interest and participation in international service trips among responding students were high, reflecting current trends in both dentistry and medicine. Dental education may have an opportunity to guide student engagement in more sustainable and ethical volunteering in the U.S. and abroad.},
	keywords = {demography, Education, Dental, epidemiology, Global Health, Health Services, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Motivation, Oral Health, Risk Factors, Students, Dental, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Vulnerable Populations, Web Browser},
	issn = {1930-7837},
	doi = {10.21815/JDE.018.036},
	author = {Lambert, R Frederick and Wong, Chloe A and Woodmansey, Karl F and Rowland, Brianna and Horne, Steven O and Seymour, Brittany}
}
@article {1395976,
	title = {Periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Is there a role for vitamin D?},
	journal = {J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol},
	volume = {180},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 06},
	pages = {65-72},
	abstract = {Studies have shown a relationship between maternal periodontal diseases (PDs) and premature delivery. PDs are commonly encountered oral diseases which cause progressive damage to the periodontal ligament and alveolar bones, leading to loss of teeth and oral disabilities. PDs also adversely affect general health by worsening of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Moreover, maternal PDs are thought to be related to increasing the frequency of preterm-birth with low birth weight (PBLBW) in new-borns. Prematurity and immaturity are the leading causes of prenatal and infant mortality and is a major public health problem around the world. Inflamed periodontal tissues generate significantly high levels of proinflammatory cytokines that may have systemic effects on the host mother and the fetus. In addition, the bacteria that cause PDs produce endotoxins which can harm the fetus. Furthermore, studies have shown that microorganisms causing PDs can get access to the bloodstream, invading uterine tissues, to induce PBLBW. Another likely mechanism that connects PDs with adverse pregnancy outcome is maternal vitamin D status. A role of inadequate vitamin D status in the genesis of PDs has been reported. Administration of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy could reduce the risk of maternal infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes. As maternal PDs are significant risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome, preventive antenatal care for pregnant women in collaboration with the obstetric and dental professions are required.},
	keywords = {Female, Humans, Periodontal Diseases, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Outcome, Premature Birth, Vitamin D, Vitamins},
	issn = {1879-1220},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.01.010},
	author = {Uwitonze, Anne Marie and Uwambaye, Peace and Isyagi, Moses and Mumena, Chrispinus H and Hudder, Alice and Haq, Afrozul and Nessa, Kamrun and Razzaque, Mohammed S}
}
@article {1395974,
	title = {Phosphate toxicity and tumorigenesis},
	journal = {Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer},
	volume = {1869},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Apr},
	pages = {303-309},
	abstract = {In this article, we briefly summarized evidence that cellular phosphate burden from phosphate toxicity is a pathophysiological determinant of cancer cell growth. Tumor cells express more phosphate cotransporters and store more inorganic phosphate than normal cells, and dysregulated phosphate homeostasis is associated with the genesis of various human tumors. High dietary phosphate consumption causes the growth of lung and skin tumors in experimental animal models. Additional studies show that excessive phosphate burden induces growth-promoting cell signaling, stimulates neovascularization, and is associated with chromosome instability and metastasis. Studies have also shown phosphate is a mitogenic factor that affects various tumor cell growth. Among epidemiological evidence linking phosphate and tumor formation, the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study found that high dietary phosphate levels were independently associated with lethal and high-grade prostate cancer. Further research is needed to determine how excessive dietary phosphate consumption influences initiation and promotion of tumorigenesis, and to elucidate prognostic benefits of reducing phosphate burden to decrease tumor cell growth and delay metastatic progression. The results of such studies could provide the basis for therapeutic modulation of phosphate metabolism for improved patient outcome.},
	keywords = {Animals, Cell Movement, Cell Proliferation, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Homeostasis, Humans, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasms, Phosphate Transport Proteins, Phosphates, Phosphorus, Dietary, Signal Transduction},
	issn = {0304-419X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.04.007},
	author = {Brown, Ronald B and Razzaque, Mohammed S}
}
@article {1395978,
	title = {A Reflection Curriculum for Longitudinal Community-Based Clinical Experiences: Impact on Student Perceptions of the Safety Net},
	journal = {J Dent Educ},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Jan},
	pages = {12-19},
	abstract = {Community-based dental education (CBDE) allows dental students to be immersed in community settings and provide care to populations that are underserved. Exposure to those groups during training may impact provider attitudes, which may be strengthened by supporting students{\textquoteright} reflection and exploration of their own attitudes. The aim of this study was to describe the implementation and preliminary results of a pilot longitudinal reflection curriculum integrated into a community-based clinical experience (CBCE) for senior dental students at one U.S. dental school and to report the impact of the reflection curriculum and CBCE on student experiences with populations that are underserved. In academic year 2015-16, all 35 senior dental students at one U.S. dental school were invited to complete an 11-item survey before and after completing a 12-week CBCE with integrated, longitudinal online reflections. Students received feedback from a faculty member after each reflection. All 35 students completed the survey, for a 100\% response rate. After the CBCE, the students reported improved clinical efficiency and increased confidence in treatment planning and in treating dental emergencies and dentally anxious patients. They also reported improved understanding of the structure and relevance of community health centers, the role of different health care team members, and the impact of health policy. There was no significant difference in future plans to work with groups that are underserved. These results suggest that the CBCE and reflection curriculum had a positive impact on the students{\textquoteright} clinical confidence as well as expanding their understanding of the broader oral health care delivery system. To address persistent oral health disparities, dental schools should continue to adopt CBDE programming that will prepare providers to effectively care for populations that are underserved.},
	keywords = {Attitude of Health Personnel, Boston, Community Dentistry, Community Health Services, Curriculum, Education, Dental, Medically Underserved Area, Safety-net Providers, Self Report, Students, Dental},
	issn = {1930-7837},
	doi = {10.21815/JDE.018.004},
	author = {Lisa Simon and Shroff, Deepti and Jane Barrow and Park, Sang E}
}
@article {1395975,
	title = {Role of Magnesium in Vitamin D Activation and Function},
	journal = {J Am Osteopath Assoc},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Mar 01},
	pages = {181-189},
	abstract = {Nutrients usually act in a coordinated manner in the body. Intestinal absorption and subsequent metabolism of a particular nutrient, to a certain extent, is dependent on the availability of other nutrients. Magnesium and vitamin D are 2 essential nutrients that are necessary for the physiologic functions of various organs. Magnesium assists in the activation of vitamin D, which helps regulate calcium and phosphate homeostasis to influence the growth and maintenance of bones. All of the enzymes that metabolize vitamin D seem to require magnesium, which acts as a cofactor in the enzymatic reactions in the liver and kidneys. Deficiency in either of these nutrients is reported to be associated with various disorders, such as skeletal deformities, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome. It is therefore essential to ensure that the recommended amount of magnesium is consumed to obtain the optimal benefits of vitamin D.},
	keywords = {Humans, magnesium, Magnesium Deficiency, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency},
	issn = {1945-1997},
	doi = {10.7556/jaoa.2018.037},
	author = {Uwitonze, Anne Marie and Razzaque, Mohammed S}
}
@article {1395981,
	title = {Teaching Dental Students About Incarceration and Correctional Dentistry: Results from a National Survey},
	journal = {J Dent Educ},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 Mar},
	pages = {299-305},
	abstract = {People who are incarcerated or have a history of incarceration have high rates of dental disease, but access to dental treatment is often a challenge during and after incarceration. Dental students{\textquoteright} exposure to this population is unknown: no data exist regarding the number of schools that provide didactic and clinical training in correctional dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of instruction in correctional dentistry and clinical opportunities at correctional facilities for dental students in the U.S. A survey was distributed to the academic deans at all 66 U.S. dental schools in 2017. Respondents were asked if their institutions had curricular content on correctional health and if they provided clinical opportunities in the correctional setting. Respondents from 30 schools completed the survey, for a response rate of 45\%. Nearly two-thirds of the respondents said their institutions offered didactic instruction on the impact of incarceration on health, and eight schools offered a clinical experience at a correctional facility. The most common format was a community-based dental externship involving fourth-year dental students. Oral exams, prophylaxis, and extractions were the most common procedures performed. Respondents from schools that offered a clinical experience agreed more strongly than those that did not that exposure to correctional health care was important and that their students believed incarceration to be a social determinant of health. This study found that a substantial proportion of dental schools offered didactic education on correctional health, but a much smaller number offered student rotations in correctional facilities.},
	keywords = {Curriculum, Education, Dental, Humans, Prisoners, Prisons, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States},
	issn = {1930-7837},
	doi = {10.21815/JDE.018.030},
	author = {Candamo, Fiorella and Matthew Tobey and Lisa Simon}
}
@article {1395986,
	title = {Vaccine Hesitancy and Online Information: The Influence of Digital Networks},
	journal = {Health Educ Behav},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 08},
	pages = {599-606},
	abstract = {AIMS: This article analyzes the digital childhood vaccination information network for vaccine-hesitant parents. The goal of this study was to explore the structure and influence of vaccine-hesitant content online by generating a database and network analysis of vaccine-relevant content.

METHOD: We used Media Cloud, a searchable big-data platform of over 550 million stories from 50,000 media sources, for quantitative and qualitative study of an online media sample based on keyword selection. We generated a hyperlink network map and measured indegree centrality of the sources and vaccine sentiment for a random sample of 450 stories.

RESULTS: 28,122 publications from 4,817 sources met inclusion criteria. Clustered communities formed based on shared hyperlinks; communities tended to link within, not among, each other. The plurality of information was provaccine (46.44\%, 95\% confidence interval [39.86\%, 53.20\%]). The most influential sources were in the health community (National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) or mainstream media ( New York Times); some user-generated sources also had strong influence and were provaccine (Wikipedia). The vaccine-hesitant community rarely interacted with provaccine content and simultaneously used primary provaccine content within vaccine-hesitant narratives.

CONCLUSION: The sentiment of the overall conversation was consistent with scientific evidence. These findings demonstrate an online environment where scientific evidence online drives vaccine information outside of the vaccine-hesitant community but is also prominently used and misused within the robust vaccine-hesitant community. Future communication efforts should take current context into account; more information may not prevent vaccine hesitancy.},
	keywords = {Child, Consumer Health Information, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Internet, Mass Media, Narration, Parents, Treatment Refusal, United States, Vaccination, Vaccines},
	issn = {1552-6127},
	doi = {10.1177/1090198117739673},
	author = {Getman, Rebekah and Helmi, Mohammad and Roberts, Hal and Yansane, Alfa and Cutler, David and Seymour, Brittany}
}
@article {1395987,
	title = {Building Workforce Capacity Abroad While Strengthening Global Health Programs at Home: Participation of Seven Harvard-Affiliated Institutions in a Health Professional Training Initiative in Rwanda},
	journal = {Acad Med},
	volume = {92},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017 05},
	pages = {649-658},
	abstract = {A consortium of 22 U.S. academic institutions is currently participating in the Rwanda Human Resources for Health Program (HRH Program). Led by the Rwandan Ministry of Health and funded by both the U.S. Government and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the primary goal of this seven-year initiative is to help Rwanda train the number of health professionals necessary to reach the country{\textquoteright}s health workforce targets. Since 2012, the participating U.S. academic institutions have deployed faculty from a variety of health-related disciplines and clinical specialties to Rwanda. In this Article, the authors describe how U.S. academic institutions (focusing on the seven Harvard-affiliated institutions participating in the HRH Program-Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women{\textquoteright}s Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary) have also benefited: (1) by providing opportunities to their faculty and trainees to engage in global health activities; (2) by establishing long-term, academic partnerships and collaborations with Rwandan academic institutions; and (3) by building the administrative and mentorship capacity to support global health initiatives beyond the HRH Program. In doing this, the authors describe the seven Harvard-affiliated institutions{\textquoteright} contributions to the HRH Program, summarize the benefits accrued by these institutions as a result of their participation in the program, describe the challenges they encountered in implementing the program, and outline potential solutions to these challenges that may inform similar future health professional training initiatives.},
	keywords = {Biomedical Research, Capacity Building, Cooperative Behavior, Delivery of Health Care, Faculty, Medical, Global Health, Health Personnel, Health Workforce, Humans, International Cooperation, Rwanda},
	issn = {1938-808X},
	doi = {10.1097/ACM.0000000000001638},
	author = {Cancedda, Corrado and Riviello, Robert and Wilson, Kim and Scott, Kirstin W and Tuteja, Meenu and Barrow, Jane R and Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany and Bukhman, Gene and Jennifer Scott and Milner, Danny and Raviola, Giuseppe and Weissman, Barbara and Smith, Stacy and Nuthulaganti, Tej and McClain, Craig D and Bierer, Barbara E and Farmer, Paul E and Becker, Anne E and Binagwaho, Agnes and Rhatigan, Joseph and Golan, David E}
}
@article {1395983,
	title = {Dental Student-Delivered Care at a Student-Faculty Collaborative Clinic in a Correctional Facility},
	journal = {Am J Public Health},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017 05},
	pages = {S85-S87},
	keywords = {Boston, Delivery of Health Care, Education, Dental, Humans, Prisons, Students, Dental},
	issn = {1541-0048},
	doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2017.303793},
	author = {Lisa Simon and Sue, Kimberly and Rachael Williams and David Beckmann and Matthew Tobey and Marya Cohen}
}
@article {1395991,
	title = {Digital Health Communication and Global Public Influence: A Study of the Ebola Epidemic},
	journal = {J Health Commun},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017},
	pages = {51-58},
	abstract = {Scientists and health communication professionals expressed frustration over the relationship between misinformation circulating on the Internet and global public perceptions of and responses to the Ebola epidemic originating in West Africa. Using the big data platform Media Cloud, we analyzed all English-language stories about keyword "Ebola" published from 1 July 2014 to 17 November 2014 from the media sets U.S. Mainstream Media, U.S. Regional Media, U.S. Political Blogs, U.S. Popular Blogs, Europe Media Monitor, and Global Voices to understand how social network theory and models of the networked global public may have contributed to health communication efforts. 109,400 stories met our inclusion criteria. The CDC and WHO were the two media sources with the most inlinks (hyperlinks directed to their sites). Twitter was fourth Significantly more public engagement on social media globally was directed toward stories about risks of U.S. domestic Ebola infections than toward stories focused on Ebola infections in West Africa or on science-based information. Corresponding public sentiments about Ebola were reflected in the policy responses of the international community, including violations of the International Health Regulations and the treatment of potentially exposed individuals. The digitally networked global public may have influenced the discourse, sentiment, and response to the Ebola epidemic.},
	keywords = {Africa, Western, Epidemics, Europe, Health Communication, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, Humans, Internationality, Internet, Public Opinion, United States},
	issn = {1087-0415},
	doi = {10.1080/10810730.2016.1209598},
	author = {Roberts, Hal and Seymour, Brittany and Fish, Sands Alden and Robinson, Emily and Zuckerman, Ethan}
}
@article {1395988,
	title = {Early Childhood Dental Caries, Mouth Pain, and Malnutrition in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region},
	journal = {Int J Environ Res Public Health},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017 05 22},
	abstract = {Malnutrition and dental caries in early childhood remain persistent and intertwined global health challenges, particularly for indigenous and geographically-remote populations. To examine the prevalence and associations between early childhood dental caries, parent-reported mouth pain and malnutrition in the Amazonian region of Ecuador, we conducted a cross-sectional study of the oral health and nutrition status of 1407 children from birth through age 6 in the "Alli Kiru" program (2011-2013). We used multivariate regression analysis to examine relationships between severe caries, parent-reported mouth pain measures, and nutritional status. The prevalence of dental caries was 65.4\%, with 44.7\% of children having deep or severe caries, and 33.8\% reporting mouth pain. The number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft) increased dramatically with age. Malnutrition was prevalent, with 35.9\% of children stunted, 1.1\% wasted, 7.4\% underweight, and 6.8\% overweight. As mouth pain increased in frequency, odds for severe caries increased. For each unit increase in mouth pain frequency interfering with sleeping, children had increased odds for being underweight (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.27; 95\% CI: 1.02-1.54) and decreased odds for being overweight (AOR: 0.76; 95\% CI: 0.58-0.97). This relationship was most pronounced among 3-6 year-olds. Early childhood caries, mouth pain and malnutrition were prevalent in this sample of young children. Parent-reported mouth pain was associated with severe caries, and mouth pain interfering with sleeping was predictive of poor nutritional status. We demonstrate the utility of a parsimonious parent-reported measure of mouth pain to predict young children{\textquoteright}s risk for severe early childhood caries and malnutrition, which has implications for community health interventions.},
	keywords = {Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dental Caries, Ecuador, Facial Pain, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Malnutrition, Mouth, Nutritional Status, Odds Ratio, Oral Health, Overweight, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Thinness},
	issn = {1660-4601},
	doi = {10.3390/ijerph14050550},
	author = {So, Marvin and Ellenikiotis, Yianni A and Husby, Hannah M and Paz, Cecilia Leonor and Seymour, Brittany and Sokal-Gutierrez, Karen}
}
@article {1395990,
	title = {Going Global: Toward Competency-Based Best Practices for Global Health in Dental Education},
	journal = {J Dent Educ},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017 Jun},
	pages = {707-715},
	abstract = {The Global Oral Health Interest Group of the Consortium of Universities for Global Health (GOHIG-CUGH) published recommended competencies to support development of competency-based global health education in dental schools. However, there has been no comprehensive, systematically derived, or broadly accepted framework for creating and delivering competency-based global health education to dental students. This article describes the results of a collaborative workshop held at the 2016 American Dental Education Association (ADEA) Annual Session \& Exhibition designed to build on the GOHIG-CUGH competencies and start to develop systematic approaches for their practical application. Workshop organizers developed a preliminary theoretical framework for guiding the development of global health in dental education, grounded in published research. Collectively, workshop participants developed detailed outcomes for the theoretical framework with a focus on three educational practices: didactic, experiential, and research learning and how each can meet the competencies. Participants discussed learning objectives, keys to implementation, ethical considerations, challenges, and examples of success. Outcomes demonstrated that no educational practice on its own meets all 33 recommended competencies for dental students; however, the three educational practices combined may potentially cover all 33. Participants emphasized the significance of sustainable approaches to student learning for both students and communities, with identified partners in the communities to collaborate on the development, implementation, evaluation, and long-term maintenance of any student global health activity. These findings may represent early steps toward professional consensus and best practices for global health in dental education in the United States.},
	keywords = {Competency-Based Education, Curriculum, Education, Dental, Global Health, Humans, Learning, United States},
	issn = {1930-7837},
	doi = {10.21815/JDE.016.034},
	author = {Seymour, Brittany and Shick, Elizabeth and Chaffee, Benjamin W and Benzian, Habib}
}
@article {1395984,
	title = {Oral Health Integration Into a Pediatric Practice and Coordination of Referrals to a Colocated Dental Home at a Federally Qualified Health Center},
	journal = {Am J Public Health},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017 10},
	pages = {1627-1629},
	abstract = {We have integrated preventive oral health measures into preventive care visits for children at a federally qualified health center in Boston, Massachusetts. The program, started in 2015, covers 3400 children and has increased universal caries risk screening in primary care to 85\%, fluoride varnish application rates to 80\%, and referrals to a dental home to 35\%. We accomplished this by minimizing pressures on providers{\textquoteright} workflow, empowering medical assistants to lead the initiative, and utilizing data-driven improvement strategies, alongside colocated coordinated care.},
	keywords = {Boston, Child, Child, Preschool, Dental Care for Children, Dental Caries, Humans, Infant, Medicaid, Oral Health, Patient Satisfaction, Patient-Centered Care, Pediatrics, Primary Health Care, Referral and Consultation, Safety-net Providers, United States},
	issn = {1541-0048},
	doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2017.303984},
	author = {Sengupta, Nandini and Nanavati, Sonal and Cericola, Maria and Lisa Simon}
}
@article {1395985,
	title = {Physician Assistant Student Perceptions of an Interprofessional, Peer-to-Peer Oral Health Curriculum Led by Dental Students},
	journal = {J Physician Assist Educ},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017 Dec},
	pages = {210-213},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: Physician assistants (PA) are health care team members who often work in primary care. Providing oral health education to PAs during training could improve oral health for vulnerable patients who seek treatment in the primary care setting and who are less able to access dental care. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a peer-to-peer oral health curriculum taught by dental students to their PA student colleagues.

METHODS: Dental students presented an interactive, case-based curriculum, followed by a hands-on oral examination training session. PA student feedback was obtained, and results were analyzed.

RESULTS: Students found the content to be highly relevant and well presented. Conveying oral health competencies to future primary care providers may reduce oral health disparities.

CONCLUSIONS: PA students reported improved understanding of oral health and indicated they would incorporate what they had learned into their future clinical practice.},
	keywords = {Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Curriculum, Female, Humans, Interprofessional Relations, Male, Oral Health, Perception, Physician Assistants, Students, Dental, Teaching},
	issn = {1941-9430},
	doi = {10.1097/JPA.0000000000000170},
	author = {Simon, Lisa E and Eve, Elizabeth J and Dolce, Maria C and Allareddy, Veerasathpurush and Nalliah, Romesh P}
}
@article {1395982,
	title = {Training to Care for Limited English Proficient Patients and Provision of Interpreter Services at U.S. Dental School Clinics},
	journal = {J Dent Educ},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017 Feb},
	pages = {169-177},
	abstract = {Legal protections in the United States mandate that individuals with limited English proficiency (LEP) have equal access to health care. However, LEP populations are at higher risk of poor health. Dental school clinics offer lower cost care by supervised dental students and often provide care for LEP patients. The aims of this study were to survey dental students about their clinical experience with LEP patients, the interpreter resources available at their dental school clinics, and the extent of instruction on these topics. Academic deans at 19 dental schools (30.6\% of 62 invited schools) distributed the survey to their students, and the survey was completed by 325 students (4.2\% of students at the 19 participating schools). Among the responding students, 44\% reported their dental school clinic lacked formal interpreter services, and most of the respondents reported receiving minimal instruction on caring for LEP patients. Only 54\% of the responding students reported feeling adequately prepared to manage LEP patients following graduation. These results suggest there is limited access to interpreter services for students while in dental school. A large proportion of these dental students thus reported feeling unprepared to treat LEP patients after graduation.},
	keywords = {Communication Barriers, Dental Clinics, Dentist-Patient Relations, Education, Dental, Humans, Language, Schools, Dental, Translating},
	issn = {1930-7837},
	author = {Lisa Simon and Hum, Lauren and Romesh Nalliah}
}
@article {1395994,
	title = {Access to Interpreter Services at U.S. Dental School Clinics},
	journal = {J Dent Educ},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 Jan},
	pages = {51-7},
	abstract = {The number of Americans with limited English proficiency (LEP) is growing, and legal protections mandate that LEP individuals have equal access to health care services. The aim of this study was to determine the availability of interpretation services in U.S. dental school clinics and the kinds of instruction dental students are given regarding treatment of LEP patients. A survey was distributed to the academic deans of all U.S. dental schools; 35 completed the survey for a response rate of 58\%. Respondents were asked to report on the number of LEP patients treated in their student clinics, the resources available to students working with LEP patients, and the extent of instruction offered. Descriptive statistics were calculated. The results indicated that the proportion of LEP patients treated at U.S. dental schools was perceived to be higher than that of the general population. The availability of interpreter services and the extent of student education about LEP individuals varied widely. Among the responding schools, the most common language spoken by LEP patients was Spanish, followed by Chinese (Mandarin and Cantonese) and Russian. Most of the responding dental schools reported offering fewer than two hours of instruction to their predoctoral students on treating LEP patients. Although almost 90\% of the respondents indicated believing LEP patients received care equal in quality to that of non-LEP patients in their clinics, only 61.9\% indicated that their students were adequately prepared to manage LEP patients following graduation. These findings suggest that dental schools should consider curricular innovations that will prepare students to work with LEP populations and improve the ability of LEP patients to receive care in the teaching clinic setting. },
	keywords = {Communication Barriers, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cultural Competency, Curriculum, Dental Clinics, Education, Dental, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Language, Schools, Dental, Students, Dental, Translating, United States},
	issn = {1930-7837},
	author = {Lisa Simon and Hum, Lauren and Romesh Nalliah}
}
@article {1395995,
	title = {Expanding Where Dental Therapists Can Practice Could Increase Americans{\textquoteright} Access To Cost-Efficient Care},
	journal = {Health Aff (Millwood)},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 12 01},
	pages = {2200-2206},
	abstract = {Since 1923, more than fifty countries have improved access to dental care by allowing midlevel providers-frequently called dental therapists-to offer preventive and restorative treatment, primarily in the public sector. A growing body of research has found that dental therapists provide high-quality, cost-effective care and improve access to care for underserved populations. This article explores the evolution of the dental therapy movement in the United States, where multiple barriers to oral health care have created persistent unmet needs. We examine developments since the 1940s that have led to the authorization of dental therapists in parts of Alaska and the states of Minnesota, Maine, and Vermont; and the approval of national accreditation standards for dental therapy training programs by dental educators. We also show how dental therapists might fit within a health care system that is being transformed.},
	keywords = {Child, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Dental Care, Dental Care for Children, Education, Dental, Health Services Accessibility, Healthcare Disparities, Humans, Quality of Health Care, United States, Vulnerable Populations},
	issn = {1544-5208},
	doi = {10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0844},
	author = {Koppelman, Jane and Vitzthum, Kelly and Lisa Simon}
}
@article {1395993,
	title = {Half of the Patients of a Local Community Health Center Have Urgent Dental Needs},
	journal = {J Mass Dent Soc},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 Spring},
	pages = {12-5},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ambulatory Care Facilities, Asthma, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Child, Preschool, Community Health Centers, Dental Care, Dental Caries, Diabetes Mellitus, DMF Index, Educational Status, Female, Hispanic Americans, Humans, Hypertension, Infant, Male, Massachusetts, Middle Aged, Needs Assessment, Neoplasms, Pit and Fissure Sealants, Young Adult},
	issn = {0025-4800},
	author = {Simon, Lisa E and Eve, Elizabeth J and Nalliah, Romesh P}
}
@article {1395992,
	title = {Patient-Centered Communication: Exploring the Dentist{\textquoteright}s Role in the Era of e-Patients and Health 2.0},
	journal = {J Dent Educ},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 Jun},
	pages = {697-704},
	abstract = {In today{\textquoteright}s digital era, people are increasingly relying on the Internet-including social media-to access health information and inform their health decisions. This article describes an exploratory initiative to better understand and define the role of dentists in patient education in the context of e-patients and Health 2.0. This initiative consisted of four phases. In Phase I, an interdisciplinary expert advisory committee was assembled for a roundtable discussion about patients{\textquoteright} health information-seeking behaviors online. In Phase II, a pilot case study was conducted, with methods and analysis informed by Phase I recommendations. Phase III consisted of a debriefing conference to outline future areas of research on modernizing health communication strategies. In Phase IV, the findings and working theories were presented to 75 dental students, who then took a survey regarding their perspectives with the objective of guiding potential curriculum design for predoctoral courses. The results of the survey showed that the validity of online content was often secondary to the strength of the network sharing it and that advocacy online could be more effective if it allowed for emotional connections with peers rather than preserving accuracy of the information. Students expressed high interest in learning how to harness modern health communications in their clinical care since the role of the dentist is evolving from giving information to giving personalized guidance against the backdrop of an often contradictory modern information environment. The authors recommend that the dental profession develop patient-centered health communication training for predoctoral students and professional development and continuing education for practicing professionals. },
	keywords = {communication, Curriculum, Dentist-Patient Relations, Education, Dental, Humans, Internet, Patient Education as Topic, Perception, Students, Dental, Surveys and Questionnaires},
	issn = {1930-7837},
	author = {Seymour, Brittany and Yang, Helen and Getman, Rebekah and Jane Barrow and Kalenderian, Elsbeth}
}
@article {1395997,
	title = {A competency matrix for global oral health},
	journal = {J Dent Educ},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Apr},
	pages = {353-61},
	abstract = {The Lancet Commission on Education of Health Professionals for the 21(st) Century calls for enhancing health education for the needs and challenges of the 21st century to improve health status globally. To complement the Lancet report, this article makes recommendations for including core global health competencies in the education of health care professionals and specific groups of the public who are relevant to oral health in a global context in order to tackle the burden of oral diseases. Experts from various professional backgrounds developed global oral health competencies for four target groups: Group 1 was defined as dental students, residents/trainee specialists (or equivalent), and dentists; Group 2 was community health workers, dental hygienists, and dental therapists (or the equivalent); Group 3 was health professionals such as physicians, physician assistants, nurses, nurse practitioners, and pharmacists; and Group 4 was non-health professionals in the public arena such as parents, teachers, decision makers, key opinion leaders, and health and consumer advocates. Key competencies for members of each of the four target groups are presented in a matrix. The suggested competency matrix shows that many other health professions and groups in society have potentially crucial roles in the prevention, control, and management of oral diseases globally. Workforce models including a wider range of professionals working together as a team will be needed to tackle the burden of oral diseases in an integrated way in the broader context of non-communicable diseases. Further discussion and research should be conducted to validate or improve the competencies proposed here with regard to their relevance, appropriateness, and completeness. },
	keywords = {Clinical Competence, Community Health Workers, Dental Auxiliaries, Dental Hygienists, Dentists, Education, Professional, Global Health, Health Education, Dental, Health Literacy, Health Personnel, Health Promotion, Health Status, Humans, Internship and Residency, Mouth Diseases, Oral Health, Patient Care Team, Specialties, Dental, Students, Dental, Tooth Diseases},
	issn = {1930-7837},
	author = {Benzian, Habib and Greenspan, John S and Jane Barrow and Hutter, Jeffrey W and Loomer, Peter M and Stauf, Nicole and Perry, Dorothy A}
}
@article {1395996,
	title = {Dental caries management at a rural district hospital in northern Rwanda: a neglected disease},
	journal = {Public Health Action},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Sep 21},
	pages = {158-61},
	abstract = {SETTING: While some studies have reported the prevalence of dental caries in sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about care-seeking behavior or how dental caries are managed, particularly at rural district hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the management of patients seeking care for dental caries at Butaro District Hospital (BDH) in rural Rwanda.

DESIGN: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in BDH, in northern Rwanda. A sample of 287 patient encounters for dental caries between January and December 2013 was randomly selected and stratified by age group (⩽5 years, 6-21 years and >21 years). We estimated the treatment received with 95\% confidence intervals in each age group, and differences between age groups were assessed using Fisher{\textquoteright}s exact test.

RESULTS: Nearly all patients (97.6\%) underwent tooth extraction, and this did not vary significantly by age group (P = 0.558). In addition to dental caries, most patients also had chronic pulpitis (74.9\%).

CONCLUSION: Caries prevention and care should be prioritized through a developed community program on oral health. We recommend introducing advanced training, equipment and materials for dental caries management other than tooth extraction, and increasing the number of qualified dentists.},
	issn = {2220-8372},
	doi = {10.5588/pha.15.0022},
	author = {Mukashyaka, C and Uzabakiriho, B and Amoroso, C L and Mpunga, T and Odhiambo, J and Mukashema, P and Seymour, B A and Sindayigaya, J de D and Hedt-Gauthier, B L}
}
@article {1396000,
	title = {Identifying interprofessional global health competencies for 21st-century health professionals},
	journal = {Ann Glob Health},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Mar-Apr},
	pages = {239-47},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: At the 2008 inaugural meeting of the Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CUGH), participants discussed the rapid expansion of global health programs and the lack of standardized competencies and curricula to guide these programs. In 2013, CUGH appointed a Global Health Competency Subcommittee and charged this subcommittee with identifying broad global health core competencies applicable across disciplines.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this paper is to describe the Subcommittee{\textquoteright}s work and proposed list of interprofessional global health competencies.

METHODS: After agreeing on a definition of global health to guide the Subcommittee{\textquoteright}s work, members conducted an extensive literature review to identify existing competencies in all fields relevant to global health. Subcommittee members initially identified 82 competencies in 12 separate domains, and proposed four different competency levels. The proposed competencies and domains were discussed during multiple conference calls, and subcommittee members voted to determine the final competencies to be included in two of the four proposed competency levels (global citizen and basic operational level - program oriented).

FINDINGS: The final proposed list included a total of 13 competencies across 8 domains for the Global Citizen Level and 39 competencies across 11 domains for the Basic Operational Program-Oriented Level.

CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for continued debate and dialog to validate the proposed set of competencies, and a need for further research to identify best strategies for incorporating these competencies into global health educational programs. Future research should focus on implementation and evaluation of these competencies across a range of educational programs, and further delineating the competencies needed across all four proposed competency levels.},
	keywords = {Clinical Competence, Competency-Based Education, Curriculum, Global Health, Health Personnel, Humans, Program Development},
	issn = {2214-9996},
	doi = {10.1016/j.aogh.2015.03.006},
	author = {Jogerst, Kristen and Callender, Brian and Adams, Virginia and Evert, Jessica and Fields, Elise and Hall, Thomas and Olsen, Jody and Rowthorn, Virginia and Rudy, Sharon and Shen, Jiabin and Lisa Simon and Torres, Herica and Velji, Anvar and Wilson, Lynda L}
}
@article {1395999,
	title = {Lack of dental insurance is correlated with edentulism},
	journal = {J Mass Dent Soc},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Winter},
	pages = {28-31},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: The correlation between insurance status and edentulism has not previously been reported in a population with known access to a dentist, and little is known about patient demographics in corporate dental settings. This study investigated patient demographics of a former dental franchise in Chicopee, Massachusetts, and examined a correlation between dental insurance and edentulism in this group. The correlation of edentulism with age, gender, and dental risk factors (diabetes, temporomandibular disorder, trouble with previous dental work, or oral sores and ulcers) was also examined.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective case study. Age, gender, and presence of dental risk factors were recorded from the patient medical history intake form. Dentate status was recorded from patient odontograms. Dental insurance status was obtained from billing records. Data was aggregated and deidentified. Descriptive and bivariate statistics and logistic regression models were used to identify associations (p-value <= 0.05 significance).

RESULTS: Of 1,123 records meeting inclusion criteria, 52.54 percent of patients had dental insurance, 26.27 percent had at least one dental risk factor, and 18.17 percent were edentulous. Age and insurance status were significantly correlated with edentulism. Correcting for age, individuals without insurance were 1.56 times as likely to be edentulous.

CONCLUSION: This case study provides insight into patient demographics that might seek care in a corporate setting and suggests that access to a dentist alone may not be adequate in preserving the adult dentition; dental insurance may also be important to health. As the corporate dental practice model continues to grow, these topics deserve further study.},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Insurance, Dental, Male, Massachusetts, Medically Uninsured, Middle Aged, Mouth, Edentulous, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Young Adult},
	issn = {0025-4800},
	author = {Lisa Simon and Nalliah, Romesh P and Seymour, Brittany}
}
@article {1395998,
	title = {When advocacy obscures accuracy online: digital pandemics of public health misinformation through an antifluoride case study},
	journal = {Am J Public Health},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Mar},
	pages = {517-23},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: In an antifluoridation case study, we explored digital pandemics and the social spread of scientifically inaccurate health information across the Web, and we considered the potential health effects.

METHODS: Using the social networking site Facebook and the open source applications Netvizz and Gephi, we analyzed the connectedness of antifluoride networks as a measure of social influence, the social diffusion of information based on conversations about a sample scientific publication as a measure of spread, and the engagement and sentiment about the publication as a measure of attitudes and behaviors.

RESULTS: Our study sample was significantly more connected than was the social networking site overall (P<.001). Social diffusion was evident; users were forced to navigate multiple pages or never reached the sample publication being discussed 60\% and 12\% of the time, respectively. Users had a 1 in 2 chance of encountering negative and nonempirical content about fluoride unrelated to the sample publication.

CONCLUSIONS: Network sociology may be as influential as the information content and scientific validity of a particular health topic discussed using social media. Public health must employ social strategies for improved communication management.},
	keywords = {communication, Consumer Advocacy, Fluoridation, Humans, Internet, Organizational Case Studies, Social Media, United States},
	issn = {1541-0048},
	doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2014.302437},
	author = {Seymour, Brittany and Getman, Rebekah and Saraf, Avinash and Zhang, Lily H and Kalenderian, Elsbeth}
}
@article {1396001,
	title = {A historical and undergraduate context to inform interprofessional education for global health},
	journal = {J Law Med Ethics},
	volume = {42 Suppl 2},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Dec},
	pages = {9-16},
	abstract = {Through a case example of fluoride, this paper examines why dental caries and other 21st century challenges require collaborative practice toward improved health that begins with interprofessional education (IPE). We suggest a theoretical framework for expanding the thinking around IPE for global health and recommend beginning at the undergraduate, or "pre-interprofessional," level where students are still undifferentiated by profession. Our theoretical framework can assist in providing a foundation for curriculum alignment and calibration moving forward to the graduate and professional training levels. },
	keywords = {Curriculum, Global Health, Humans},
	issn = {1748-720X},
	doi = {10.1111/jlme.12182},
	author = {Seymour, Brittany and Jane Barrow}
}
@article {1396002,
	title = {Report from Rwanda},
	journal = {Harv Dent Bull},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Spring-Summ},
	pages = {16-7},
	keywords = {Boston, Curriculum, Education, Dental, Health Promotion, Humans, International Educational Exchange, Maryland, Oral Health, Rwanda, Schools, Dental},
	issn = {1062-029X},
	author = {Hackley, Donna}
}
@article {1396005,
	title = {Including oral health training in a health system strengthening program in Rwanda},
	journal = {Glob Health Action},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013 Mar 08},
	pages = {1-6},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Rwanda{\textquoteright}s Ministry of Health, with the Clinton Health Access Initiative, implemented the Human Resources for Health (HRH) Program. The purpose of the program is to train and retain high-quality health care professionals to improve and sustain health in Rwanda.

DESIGN: In May 2011, an oral health team from Rwanda and the United States proposed that oral health be included in the HRH Program, due to its important links to health, in a recommendation to the Rwandan Ministry of Health. The proposal outlined a diagonal approach to curriculum design that supports the principles of global health through interconnected training for both treatment and collaborative prevention, rather than discipline-based fragmented training focused on isolated risk factors. It combined {\textquoteright}vertical{\textquoteright} direct patient care training with {\textquoteright}horizontal{\textquoteright} interdisciplinary training to address common underlying risk factors and associations for disease through primary care, program retention, and sustainability.

RESULTS: The proposal was accepted by the Ministry of Health and was approved for funding by the US Government and The Global Fund. Rwanda{\textquoteright}s first Bachelor of Dental Surgery program, which is in the planning phase, is being developed.

CONCLUSIONS: Competencies, the training curriculum, insurance and payment schemes, licensure, and other challenges are currently being addressed. With the Ministry of Health supporting the dental HRH efforts and fully appreciating the importance of oral health, all are hopeful that these developments will ultimately lead to more robust oral health data collection, a well-trained and well-retained dental profession, and vastly improved oral health and overall health for the people of Rwanda in the decades to come.},
	keywords = {Curriculum, Delivery of Health Care, Education, Medical, Government Agencies, Humans, International Cooperation, Oral Health, Quality Improvement, Risk Factors, Rwanda, Workforce},
	issn = {1654-9880},
	doi = {10.3402/gha.v6i0.20109},
	author = {Seymour, Brittany and Muhumuza, Ibra and Mumena, Chris and Isyagi, Moses and Jane Barrow and Meeks, Valli}
}
@article {1396003,
	title = {Results from a new global oral health course: a case study at one dental school},
	journal = {J Dent Educ},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013 Oct},
	pages = {1245-51},
	abstract = {To channel students{\textquoteright} interest in global oral health and prepare them to respond adequately to the health effects of globalization as future practitioners, new courses in dental curricula may be needed. This article documents the results of Harvard School of Dental Medicine (HSDM){\textquoteright}s new course, Global Oral Health: Interdisciplinary Approaches. To the authors{\textquoteright} knowledge, this is the first course of its kind in dental education. HSDM developed learning objectives for the course based on the literature, the training and experience of HSDM global health faculty, and the mission of the HSDM Global Health Initiative. Dental residents and public health students enrolled, and some dental students audited. The discussion-based critical thinking course examined the extensive relationship between oral health and global health, and concept development was determined by in-class participation. After taking the course, students{\textquoteright} assessments of their global oral health knowledge increased on average 100 percent. Nearly all students reported that they were very likely to use the concepts of global oral health in their careers and that they would definitely recommend the course to others. This course model seems to have met the expectations of students and faculty, and its fundamentals appear to be readily transferrable to other dental schools. },
	keywords = {Boston, Curriculum, Education, Dental, Graduate, Educational Measurement, Global Health, Humans, Internationality, Interprofessional Relations, Oral Health, Organizational Case Studies, Schools, Dental},
	issn = {1930-7837},
	author = {Seymour, Brittany and Jane Barrow and Kalenderian, Elsbeth}
}
@article {1396004,
	title = {Voluntourism and global health: preparing dental students for responsible engagement in international programs},
	journal = {J Dent Educ},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013 Oct},
	pages = {1252-7},
	abstract = {Harvard School of Dental Medicine (HSDM) estimates that nearly 25 percent of its predoctoral dental students have expressed an interest in global health, including traveling abroad to conduct research or to volunteer in a project. This article addresses the important differences between "voluntourism" (combined volunteering and tourism) and responsible engagement in global health, reports on a pilot workshop at HSDM to promote responsible volunteering, and provides a recommendation on how to address these issues in the context of a dental curriculum. The pilot Workshop for Ethical Volunteering in Global Health was designed as a discussion-based, interactive program that included lectures, small-group activities, and personal reflection. The aim of the workshop was to provide students with a systematic approach to ethical volunteering, critically reflecting on their motivation and attitudes related to conventional models of volunteering and facilitating alignment with principles of global health. Students participated in an anonymous written survey at the start and the close of the workshop. After the workshop, survey results demonstrated a significant increase in understanding the value of applying principles of global health when volunteering in order to avoid negative and unintended impacts on communities. All of the students reported that the workshop influenced the way they view volunteering in dentistry. },
	keywords = {Boston, Curriculum, Education, Dental, Global Health, Humans, Internationality, Oral Health, Pilot Projects, Schools, Dental, Volunteers},
	issn = {1930-7837},
	author = {Seymour, Brittany and Benzian, Habib and Kalenderian, Elsbeth}
}
@article {1396006,
	title = {Innovative primary care training: the Cambridge Health Alliance Oral Physician Program},
	journal = {Am J Public Health},
	volume = {102},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012 Nov},
	pages = {e48-9},
	abstract = {We evaluated the Oral Physician Program, a dental residency sponsored by Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and the Cambridge Health Alliance that offers an innovative model for training dentists to provide limited primary care. The didactic and clinical experiences increased residents{\textquoteright} medical knowledge and interviewing skills, and faculty assessments supported their role as oral physicians. Oral physicians could increase patients{\textquoteright}-especially patients from underserved groups-access to integrated oral and primary care services.},
	keywords = {Cooperative Behavior, Educational Measurement, Humans, Internship and Residency, Oral Medicine, Primary Health Care, Schools, Dental, Schools, Medical},
	issn = {1541-0048},
	doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2012.300954},
	author = {Giddon, Donald B and Seymour, Brittany Anne and Swann, Brian and Anderson, Nina K and Jayaratne, Yasas S N and Outlaw, Jason and Kalenderian, Elsbeth}
}
@article {1396007,
	title = {HSDM at the United Nations: Toward Global Health Equity},
	journal = {Harv Dent Bull},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011-2012 Winter},
	pages = {16-7},
	keywords = {Boston, Chronic Disease, Global Health, Health Equity, Health Priorities, Health Promotion, Health Status, Humans, Oral Health, Organizational Objectives, Schools, Dental, United Nations},
	issn = {1062-029X},
	author = {Seymour, Brittany}
}
